Cross-Limb Associations and Inter-Limb Asymmetry in Segmental Muscle Mass of Elite Athletes

Muscular asymmetries and body composition are key factors influencing performance and injury risk in high-level athletes, particularly in sports requiring unilateral and explosive movements such as handball. The present study aimed to investigate inter-limb muscular asymmetries and the relationships between segmental muscle mass in elite handball players. Eighteen male athletes (aged 17–25 years) were assessed for segmental muscle mass of the upper and lower limbs using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between the upper limbs, whereas a significant difference was observed between the lower limbs, suggesting the presence of asymmetry at the lower extremities in this cohort. Regression analyses revealed strong positive associations between lower and upper limb muscle mass. In conclusion, segmental muscle mass in one limb may serve as a valid proxy for overall muscularity and should be considered when evaluating asymmetry profiles or designing individualized strength programs in elite handball athletes.